Five Basic Concepts of C++

 

Five Basic Concepts of C++

Here are five basic C++ concepts:

C++ Variables

• Variables are the backbone of any programming language.
• A variable is merely a way to store some information for later use. We can retrieve this value or data by referring to a “word” that will describe this information.
• Once declared and defined they may be used many times within the scope in which they were declared.

C++ Control Structures

• When a program runs, the code is read by the compiler line by line (from top to bottom, and for the most part left to right). This is known as “code flow.“
• When the code is being read from top to bottom, it may encounter a point where it needs to make a decision. Based on the decision, the program may jump to a different part of the code. It may even make the compiler re-run a specific piece again, or just skip a bunch of code.
• You could think of this process like if you were to choose from different courses from Guru99. You decide, click a link and skip a few pages. In the same way, a computer program has a set of strict rules to decide the flow of program execution.

C++ Data Structures

Let’s use a list of courses on “guru99” as the example! You probably have a list of courses in front of you. But how do you think they stored that. There can be a lot of courses, and different users may register for different courses. Do they generate a different variable for each user? For example, let’s say we need to keep track of 10 courses.

First, the WRONG WAY:

If we need to store 10 courses, we would probably define 10 variables, right?

Wrong.

In the world of programming, this is just a horrible way of trying to store 10 different variables. This is because of two main reasons:

• The huge amount of text that you’ll need to write in your program. Sure, right now we only have 10 courses, so it’s not too bad, but what if we had 1,000 courses! Imagine typing that out a thousand times! Forget about it!
• The flexibility. Adding another course would need manual edits to the code. We would have created variable course11. This is just crazy!

So, what is the RIGHT WAY?

Storing them in data structures.

A data structure is a great way to get around having to create thousands of variables. C++ contains many types of inbuilt data structures. Most often used is arrays which will be taught later.

C++ Syntax

The syntax is a layout of words, expression, and symbols.

Well, it’s because an email address has its well-defined syntax. You need some combination of letters, numbers, potentially with underscores (_) or periods (.) in between, followed by an at the rate (@) symbol, followed by some website domain (company.com).

So, syntax in a programming language is much the same. They are some well-defined set of rules that allow you to create some piece of well-functioning software.

But, if you don’t abide by the rules of a programming language or syntax, you’ll get errors.

C++ Tools

In the real world, a tool is something (usually a physical object) that helps you to get a certain job done promptly.

Well, this holds true with the programming world too. A tool in programming is some piece of software which when used with the code allows you to program faster.

There are probably tens of thousands, if not millions of different tools across all the programming languages.

Most crucial tool, considered by many, is an IDE, an Integrated Development Environment. An IDE is a software which will make your coding life so much easier. IDEs ensure that your files and folders are organized and give you a nice and clean way to view them.

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